Add disk space to LVM on Linux

Attach Disk

First of all attach a disk to the Linux Box by following Attach Disk to Live Linux

Create new partition

As root user run fdisk on new disk, this tutorial will use /dev/sdd as example. Output will look like

$ fdisk /dev/sdd
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x925579ba.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):

Create a new partition by typing letter ‘n‘ and hit enter, to create a primary partition type ‘p‘, followed by partition number e.g. ‘1‘ and then accept default cylinder numbers by hitting enter to use the maximum space on the disk,
Output would like like

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2088, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2088, default 2088):
Using default value 2088

Command (m for help):

Change the type of the partition to Linux LVM by hitting ‘t’ followed by ’8e’

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help):

to see the result hit ‘p’, please note the device path in the output, in this example “/dev/sdd1″

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x925579ba
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1               1        2088    16771828+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help):

to write changes and exit hit ‘w’

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

use pvcreate to setup the newly created partition
```
pvcreate /dev/sdd1
```

Extend existing volume group on to new partition

Run vgdisplay to get list of volume groups

$ vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-template
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               19.76 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              5058
  Alloc PE / Size       5054 / 19.74 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       4 / 16.00 MiB
  VG UUID               RIgBdX-r2aN-s0Dn-kkkh-ZkVr-rHDM-AycDtH

  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntuserver
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               43.82 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              11218
  Alloc PE / Size       5537 / 21.63 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       5681 / 22.19 GiB
  VG UUID               ZoXbMV-LtZL-TRT1-MIFi-04xr-CFB3-rYTKxs

in above output we will be extending “ubuntuserver” volume group by running
```
vgextended ubuntuserver /dev/sdd1
```

Extend existing logical volume onto new space

Get the file path for the logical volume

$ ls -la /dev/ubuntuserver
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   80 2012-10-11 10:57 .
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 3940 2012-10-11 13:00 ..
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   27 2012-10-11 10:59 root -> ../mapper/ubuntuserver-root
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   29 2012-10-09 12:51 swap_1 -> ../mapper/ubuntuserver-swap_1

use lvextend
- to use all of the new space
```
lvextend /dev/ubuntuserver/root /dev/sdd1
```
- to increase by by 20GB, provided that /dev/sdd1 has the free space available
```
lvextend -L +20G /dev/ubuntuserver/root /dev/sdd1
```

Extend Filesystem

The command to use depends on the file system that is currently in use.

For ext3/4

ext2online /dev/ubuntuserver/root

resize2fs /dev/ubuntuserver/root

For reiserfs
```
resize_reiserfs /dev/ubuntuserver/root
```

Finally, check disk space to see the expanded disk space

df -h

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